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What is
UV-C?
Just beyond
the visible spectrum of light is ultraviolet. Scientists divide
the ultraviolet spectrum into three bands: UV-A, B and C. Because
of absorption in the ozone layer, 98.7% of the ultraviolet radiation
that reaches the Earth's surface is UV-A.
Each band
has different characteristics and penetrating ability and each
has different effects upon living tissue. The shorter-wavelength,
higher-energy UV-C rays are lethal to microorganisms. This range
is known as the Germicidal Spectrum.
Sterilizing
with UV-C Light
UV-C light
is a powerful sterilization method that has the added benefit
of being a non-liquid and chemical-free. As a result, UV-C can
clean household items and surfaces that are otherwise difficult
to sanitize without risk of damage, like those listed above.
UV-C light
sterilizes biological pollutants by penetrating the cell membranes
of viruses, bacteria, mold spores and dust mite eggs and stopping
their reproductive capabilities. This effectively eliminates
the disease-causing microbes.
Specifically,
UV-C light fuses the nucleic acid of microorganisms by forming
covalent bonds between adjacent DNA base pairs. The formation
of these bonds prevents DNA from being unzipped for
replication, making the organism unable to reproduce. When the
organism attempts to replicate under these conditions, it dies
in the process. In the case of single-celled organisms, the result
is almost immediate. With more complex organisms, like dust mites,
this process is somewhat longer but equally effective.
Ultraviolet
disinfection has been used in hospitals, food processing facilities,
water treatment and HVAC systems for over 30 years. The technology
is proven and recognized by the EPA, Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a
valid and effective means of eliminating biological contaminants.[1]
UV-C light
can be used to eliminate any biological contaminant. Different
organisms require varying intensities of UV-C light to sterilize,
but any biological microorganism can be eliminated with UV-C.
This includes Avian flu, SARs, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
Aureus(Staph)or MRSA. UV-C light is particularly effective on
medicinally resistant microorganisms, because mutations that
increase drug resistance do not make the microorganism more resistant
to UV-C sterilization.
Cleaning
with UV-C is an excellent addition to a household cleaning regime
that prevents infection, illness and the spread of disease. UV-C
should be considered one of the tools in dealing with viral and
bacterial outbreaks. It is especially effective on household
objects and surfaces that are otherwise difficult to clean. For
those who are chemically sensitive or searching for more environmentally
friendly cleaning alternatives, UV-C is an excellent alternative
to chemical sanitizers and detergents.
Additional Benefits to UV-C Sterilization
As previously
stated, UV-Cs natural disinfectant properties have the
added benefit of being chemical free. Cleaning with light is
also odorless and has no side effects. Each year, according to
the EPA, the average American home uses about 25 gallons of toxic
and hazardous chemicals found in common household products, most
of which eventually return to the environment, affecting the
health of people, plants, animals, and polluting our land and
water.[2][3]The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
has created a website that is a Household Products Database for
providing information on the common cleaners found in households
and lists their chemicals and the properties of these chemicals.
Children
are especially sensitive to the chemicals found in common household
products. According to Phlip J. Landrigan, MD, MSc, a pediatrician,
epidemiologist and internationally recognized leader in public
health and preventative medicine, children are at risk of being
exposed to over 15,000 toxic synthetic chemicals that have been
dispersed in the environment through household products Products
that contain toxins includes solvents, dispersal agents, dyes
and fragrances, many of which also contribute to air and water
pollution.
Other ingredients
are suspected carcinogens or may worsen allergies, asthma and
other long-term health problems. For example, Diethyl phthalate,
commonly found in commercial cleaning products, is a known endocrine-disrupting
chemical, which can interfere with normal growth and development.
UV-C Light Safety
UV-C, used
as directed in a thoughtfully developed delivery system, is both
a safe and environmentally correct method for household disinfection
and the prevention of illness and disease. Direct UV-C exposure
to skin and eyes should be avoided; however, human contact is
only dangerous at extremely close range or high output levels.
Its
important to remember that UV-C is invisible and must be shone
directly or upon a reflective surface to be absorbed by a biological
organism. The additional blue light is provided as a reference
for the user, but is not the UV-C light itself. Indirectly viewing
the blue light produced by the UV-C lamp does not cause exposure
to UV-C.
Conclusion
UV-C light
is an effective, safe and sustainable addition or alternative
to chemical cleaning.
Used as
directed, UV-C will eliminate household biological contaminants
on hard-to-clean surfaces leading to healthier living and a significantly
improved indoor environment. Seeing the positive effects of the
healthful application of light is what drives us at Verilux®.
Thank you for taking the time to learn more about UV-C and our
CleanWave technology. Together we can live Life in a Better Light.
[1] History
of some of the first UVGI Systems implemented:
In 1909,
the first UVGI system was implemented for disinfecting the municipal
water system in Marseilles, France. (AWWA, 1971. Water Quality
and Treatment. McGraw-Hill, New York.)
In 1936,
Hart used UVGI to sterilize air in a surgical operating room.
(Sharp, G. 1939. The lethal action of short ultraviolet rays
on several common pathogenic bacteria. J. Bact. 37:447-459.)
In 1937,
the first application of UVGI for a school ventilation system
dramatically reduced the incidence of measles. (Riley, R.L. 1972.
The ecology of indoor atmospheres: Airborne infection in hospitals.
J. Chron. Dis. 25:421-423.)
Experiments
by Riley and OGrady resulted in the elimination of tuberculosis
(TB) bacilli from hospital ward exhaust air in 1961. (Riley,
R.L., and F. OGrady. 1961. Airborne Infection. TheMacmillan
Co., New York.)
[2] Prosperity
Without Pollution, by Joel S. Hirschorn and Kirsten V. Oldenburg,
1991
[3]Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC (USA). Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment. 500200 -- Environment, Atmospheric--
Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989) ;500300 -- Environment,
Atmospheric-- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport--
(-1989) |